Learn more about Windows Firewall Settings and Exceptions.
About Windows Firewall
Windows Firewall has three settings:
On: Protects the computer but allows you to set specific exceptions to the security policy.
On with no exceptions: You can use this setting when your computer is in an unsecured environment like a public wireless network or on a local area network where a virus has been detected. This setting can protect your computer by blocking others' attempts to connect to it. You will still be able to view web pages, send and receive email, or use instant messaging. When you select Don't allow exceptions, Windows Firewall blocks all requests to connect to your computer, even those from programs or services on the Exceptions tab. The firewall also blocks file and printer sharing, and discovery of network devices.
Off: You might want to turn your Windows Firewall setting to Off briefly when you are diagnosing firewall-related problems.