What is 5G and How Does It Work? | AT&T

5G is the fifth generation of mobile technology. It has the potential to deliver faster data speeds and lower latency than previous generations. This means data can move more quickly and connections can be more reliable. In this article, we’ll cover how 5G works, the benefits for consumers and businesses, and how to get connected with 5G.

What is 5G?

5G is mobile technology that uses networks of base stations and antennas to create coverage areas called “cells.” These cells overlap to form a continuous network covering an entire region. When your device connects, it communicates with the nearest base station to set up a wireless connection.

5G uses many different spectrum bands, also called “airwaves,” along with a new radio interface. 5G devices and towers communicate wirelessly using radio waves tuned to specific frequencies set aside just for 5G. This allows the network to handle much more data than older technologies.

Because of this, 5G can support almost instant communication for self-driving cars and connect many devices simultaneously, such as those in the Internet of Things (IoT). The network is strong and flexible, ready to support future services and applications.

How is 5G better than 4G and LTE?

5G can provide data speeds up to 100 times faster than 4G. This means downloading a full-length movie could take seconds instead of minutes.

The key difference between 5G and 4G is the range of spectrum used. 5G operates using a wider range of airwaves. 4G primarily uses low-frequency airwaves, which provide broader coverage but slower speeds. LTE, or Long-Term Evolution, is a key technology within 4G that enables high-speed data transmission.

5G uses three types of spectrum:
 

What is latency?

Latency is the time it takes for data to travel from a source to a destination and back in a network. Factors such as the distance between devices, how busy the network is, and network speed all affect latency.

Low latency means there’s almost no lag or delay, so your actions happen right away. Lag is the user’s perception of delay caused by latency. Low lag and latency are important for activities like online gaming and video calls.

For example, in gaming, lag can make your character move late or jump back suddenly—something called “rubber banding.” With a 5G connection, the experience can be much smoother.

How does 5G technology work?

5G uses radio waves to send data, just like 4G and earlier networks. But 5G has a new type of radio that uses different parts of the airwaves. It also uses special antennas called massive MIMO (multiple input, multiple output), which lets many signals be sent and received at the same time.

To boost coverage, 5G uses small transmitters called “small cells” that can be placed on buildings, trees, and streetlights.

Unlike older networks, which rely more heavily on hardware, 5G relies more on software. This makes the network more flexible and lets users connect anytime and anywhere.

One important feature of 5G is called “network slicing”. This lets large companies create multiple virtual networks on the same system. Big businesses can use this to organize their network needs. Some businesses even have private 5G networks for extra control and security.

Imagine checking out at the grocery store. With 4G, there are only a few checkout lanes—all the same speed. Lines can get long and slow.

Now, picture 5G as the same store but with many more checkout lanes—including express lanes and self-checkouts. More shoppers checking out at different speeds at the same time means the lines move faster.

Combine these optimized lanes with advanced software at the registers, and your shopping experience goes a lot smoother.

With 5G, data transmission can happen faster and more easily, even when the network is busy.

Will 5G work on any phone or plan?

To enjoy the benefits of 5G service, you need a 5G-capable device and a wireless plan that includes 5G. You’ll also need to be in an area with 5G coverage. Most newer cell phones, including the latest iPhones and Samsung models, support 5G.

5G-capable phones will still work on older networks if your plan doesn’t include 5G access or if you’re in an area without 5G coverage. Browse 5G-capable phones

All of our best unlimited plans include 5G access where available. AT&T’s 5G network is fast, reliable, and secure.* Learn more about AT&T’s 5G network

Is 5G available now?

5G first became available in parts of the world in 2019. Today, it’s available in many locations.

AT&T’s 5G network covers most of the U.S. and continues to expand. In fact, a new wave of 5G technology, called 5G+, is available in innovation zones across the country.* Learn more about AT&T’s 5G coverage

*AT&T 5G+ limited availability and requires a compatible device. Find high-band 5G+ near you

Is 5G the same as 5G Wi-Fi®?

5G and 5G Wi-Fi are not the same. The term “5G Wi-Fi” is sometimes used to refer to the 5 GHz frequency band used for home internet, but it’s unrelated to 5G cellular technology.

5G relies on a cellular network, while Wi-Fi connects devices to the internet without using cellular data.

Generally, 5G is faster than Wi-Fi, especially outdoors and compared to older Wi-Fi standards. However, in controlled environments, Wi-Fi 6 and Wi-Fi 7 can deliver speeds comparable to 5G. For the fastest connection, wired Ethernet remains the best option.

What is the best AT&T plan with 5G access?

All of our best unlimited plans come with 5G access. Key features include:
 

Check out AT&T’s best cell phone plans

¹Roaming may be at 2G speeds.

²Req’s compatible plan & device. Coverage not available everywhere. Learn more at att.com/5Gforyou.

³Requires compatible device/service and download of ActiveArmor app. Other terms and restr’s apply. May not detect all threats. Data charges may apply. Learn more